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学术会议主持人讲话稿

2023-06-20 09:40:18发言致辞

学术会议主持人讲话稿

  【简介】如何成为一名优秀的学术会议主持人?一份完美的讲话稿是关键!以下是网友“dpvhl62”分享的学术会议主持人讲话稿(共8篇),供大家品鉴。

学术会议主持人讲话稿

学术会议流程串词主持词 篇1

  大家上午好,感谢大家参加这次由中国医师协会主办的科继续教育讲座。我对大家的到来表示衷心的感谢!首先我向各位介绍一下参加这次会议的各位嘉宾:中国医师协会主任女士;市卫生局办公室主任、市医学会副会长先生;河南省人民医院主任;以及各位科同仁。在此,对大家的到来,表示最热烈的欢迎!

  1、首先请科医院CEO院长致辞;

  2、谢谢张院长,欢迎中国医师协会主任魏致辞;

  3、谢谢魏薇女士,有请菏泽市卫生局办公室主任、市医学会副会长先生致辞。

  谢谢王局长。此刻我宣布:中国医师协会菏泽区科继续教育讲座正式开始,有请学术讲座主持人院长。

  讲座议程:

  1、河南省人民医院贺主任《经验的分享》;

  2、科医院角膜病科主任刘凤华《经验的分享》;

  3、科医院CEO张晓山《经验的分享》;

  4、本次活动爱尔康带给了很大的支持,有请爱尔康公司于瑞霞经理讲话;

  5、科医院准分子科主任王丽霞《经验的分享》;

  6、科医院泪道科主任段玉龙《经验的分享》;

  7、科医院眼底病科主任陈峻《经验的分享》。

  各位科同仁,到此,科继续教育菏泽区讲座圆满结束。相信透过这次会议,必将进一步提高科医师的临床技能水平,促进医药卫生信息的交流,推动基层科疾病防治培训工作的发展!

  再次谢谢大家!请大家到门诊一楼楼前合影留念。之后请各位出席我们在龙凤大酒店的答谢午宴。谢谢大家!

学术会议开幕式上的讲话 篇2

  尊敬的各位专家、医院领导及医院同仁:

  大家下午好!

  金秋送爽,丹桂飘香。在这充满丰收喜悦的金秋时节,在第十五个世界男性健康日来临之际,我们非常高兴的迎来了“20年男科标准化诊疗高峰论坛暨市现代泌尿生殖研究会专家学术交流研讨会”的胜利召开。我谨代表市现代泌尿生殖研究会、现代泌尿专科医院院委会向参加本次会议的专家主任及医院同仁表示最诚挚的欢迎,向会议的召开表示热烈的祝贺。

  随着社会经济的发展,男性健康每况日下,已成为严重影响家庭幸福和谐及社会经济发展的重大课题,因此国家人口计生委于2000年将每年的10月28日定为“男性健康日”,以此呼吁全社会更多关注男性健康问题,加强男科疾病的防治,提高广大男同胞的健康质量。目前,男科学的发展在国内刚刚起步、仅有十几年的时间,存在男科疾病专业医疗机构稀缺,专科医生严重不足,男科病诊疗尚不够规范,患者健康意识淡薄,盲目就医等诸多现实问题,现代泌尿生殖研究会及现代泌尿专科医院也正式在这一大背景下成立的。

  作为我市较早成立的男科疾病专业诊疗科研机构,现代泌尿生殖研究会与现代泌尿专科医院以男性健康为己任,在男科疾病的临床科研方面不断投入巨资,引进高端人才及技术设备,倡导科学规范的标准化诊疗模式,并取得一系列临床科研成果,获得多项国内学术大奖。经过十余年的发展建设已成为我市及周边地区最重要的男科疾病诊疗中心及具一定知名度和影响力的专业男科品牌。

  为促进男科学术成果的交流与转化,加强专家及医疗同仁的交流学习,不断提高男科疾病的诊疗技术水平,造福广大男性健康,研究会联合医院共同组织筹办了本次学术交流研讨会。祝愿各位专家及医院同仁在本次论坛均能有所收获,共同进步,为促进和提高我市男科疾病的诊疗技术水平,推动男科疾病的规范化、标准化诊疗做出积极贡献。

  最后,祝愿本次大会圆满成功!

  谢谢大家。

学术会议主持人发言稿 篇3

  模拟国际会议主持词

  一、开题语

  Good morning, ladies and to Chicago, a beautiful city of ’m^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^, from*********** University of a very very great pleasure to participate in the 110TH Association of American Geographers Conference as the chairman,its my first time to do I really enjoy being stay here with you this International Geography Conference has been held 110th times by the Association of American Geographers(AAG)institute since purpose of the conferences have contributed to share our experiences and knowledge of the advancement of geography, frontier developments and reaserches, as well as possible applications of them in solving practical lot of current issues have been discussed, and some of them have been effectively to the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting in Los Angeles, California!You will be joined by fellow geographers, GIS specialists, environmental scientists, and other leaders for the latest in research and applications in geography, sustainability, and GIS meeting will be held from December14 to December18, 2014, and will feature over 6,000 presentations, posters, workshops, and field trips by leading scholars, experts, and , as the first time of the conference debut in this city, we’ll have a unique topic of prepared presentations is the application of quantitative methods in Geography , Today’s speakers will share their thoughts on how to effectively run models in different issues and give a reasonable , we’ll have a Question and Answer session, which allows the everyone to ask some questions you may be am sure that you will find some topics to be presented both interesting and informative.二、介绍第一个演讲者

  Now, Let me introduce the first speaker, who is very very rich, not in dollars, but in knowledge and experiences, She got her in the natural geography ***********University, followed by a series of teaching and research positions at Sun Yat-sen don’t hesitate to join me in welcoming our first speaker, Prof.********, whose topic is***************.Welcome.三、对第一个演讲者做总结

   an innovative the impact of climate change and human activities on runoff changes is a problem that has puzzled researchers for a long study has developed a framework to separate the impacts of climate change and human activities to surface information from this study will assist with better use and management of water resources for residents and economic development in southern you for the excellent presentations and ideas.四、介绍第二个演讲者

  Now, I’ll be very pleased and excited to introduce the next speaker, Prof.************, who is the ^^^^^^^^^^ represent the sponsor host unit ,it’s the fifth time for him to be the final breadth and depth of knowledge, profound discoveries and distinctive ideas always cause shock at the , Mr He entitl is*****************

  五、对第二个演讲者做总结

  Thank you for the impressive are delighted to be able to share your new specific strategies and ’s speech is about frontier science, which is profound and predictive, greatly widen our horizon, as least my SYC has given an eye opener as well as a very meaningful you again, Prof ^^^^^^^^^^

  六、进入提问环节

  Ladies and gentleman, our distinguished speakers have finished their presentations, we now enter into the question and answer this session, I will be very happy to answer your there any questions?

  七、对提问做总结

  Ok, Well,I’m sorry to say that this session will have to stop you for your hope this was as good a session for you as it was for us.八、会议结束语

  Ladies and Gentlemen, I shall end here by thanking you for coming to the The 110th International geography hope that you have benefited much from the conference and from discussions with would like to thank AAG institute for offering me the opportunity to be the to everybody who has contributed to the conference and all other you for your time and and gentlemen, you have my best wishes for your still greater achievements in your , I declare the conference ’s meet again in New York 2016.

学术会议讲话稿合集 篇4

  国际学术会议的特点和技巧

  随着我过改革开放的日益深入发展,近年来我国对外学术交流活动也是日渐频繁。由于学术交流是某一学术问题的交流,所以这一类型的翻译除了具有一般翻译的特点外,还具有一些自身的特点,值得注意:

  1. 国际学术会议是涉及某一领域的高层次的专题交流。

  2. 国际学术会议是中外学术界学术新成果的集中展示。

  3. 国际学术会议的内容及所探讨的问题大多理论性强,学术性

  强,抽象性强,尖端问题多,翻译的难度大。

  鉴于以上特点,翻译工作者在翻译时,建议使用以下技巧:

  1. 考虑到学术交流内容的 “专”和“新”的特点,译员应该熟

  悉专业和发展动态,准确运用专业术语,译语要符合专业特点,避免使用外行话。

  2. 考虑到学术交流的学术性强的特点,译员的译语必须十分严

  谨,准确,正式。

  3. 考虑到学术会议有时间限制的特点,译员在翻译时,译语应该

  简单明了,不拖泥带水。

  4. 国际学术会议翻译,尤其要把好 “准确”关。为了确保这点,议员应该首先要吃透,把握好论文精神,记住主要论点。把相

  关的专业术语翻译准确。

  掌握了国际学术会议的特点和相关技巧,我们还必须了解一些学术

  交流及合作研究科研项目等方面的基本词语和译例,作为参考。

  1. 常用词语:

  学术研讨会symposium;情况交流会information exchange座谈会seminar ;小组讨论会panel, group discussion ;展示会exhibition, how-I-do-it session ;行政会议executive session ; 全体会议plenary session ;分组会议concurrent session ;

  筹备会议preparatory meeting ;年会annual meeting ;

  半年会议biannual meeting ;定期会议stated / regular meeting ;

  例会regular meeting ;隔年会议biennial meeting ;

  多国会议joint state / multi-national conference;东道主host ;

  会议召集人convener ;名誉主席honorary chairman ;

  主席chairman / chairwoman ;执行主席executive chairman ;

  主席团presidium ;临时主席temporary presider ;

  贵宾发言人guest speaker ;特邀报告人invited speaker ;

  起草委员会drafting committee ;会议秘书处secretariat ;

  咨询委员会consultative committee ; 总务委员会central committee ;主题theme ;议程agenda ;决议resolution ;

  会议通知conference announcement ;住宿accommodation ;

  会费conference fees ;出席证admission badge ;

  会议文摘conference digest ;工作报告work report ;

  特邀论文invited paper ;会议资料symposium literature ;文献评述review of literature ;举手赞成hand-show

  发言to take the floor / to rise to speak ; 全体通过unanimous approval ; 绝对多数absolutely majority ;开幕辞opening address

  2.会议主持人用语:

(1)宣布会议开始

  现在我宣布会议开始。Now I declare the meeting open.首先,我宣布会议议程。First, I shall announce the items on the agenda.女士们,先生们,请大家安静。Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention please?

(2)介绍发言人

  我很高兴地为各位介绍---专家史密斯教授。I have great pleasure in introducing Professor Smith, an expert in.我们现在邀请他给我们介绍他出色的研究工作。We now call on him to share his successful research work with us today.下一位发言人是 Our next speaker is-

(2)一般发言简短开场白

  主席先生:

  谢谢你刚才热情的介绍,同时也感谢你为大会能得以召开所做的努力。你刚才过誉的介绍,我想,可能是指我今年来所做的“原子碰撞”方面的研究。下面我就准备谈谈这方面的工作,希望能听到诸位同行的具体意见和进一步的补充。

  ,Thank you for your warm introduction and also for your efforts in making this conference now the over-praising introduction you have made on me, I think, is meant for the study on “Atomic Collision” I have been carrying on in recent I would like to say something about the study hoping that I can hear opinions and additions from everyone of you.(3)对不同意见的看法

  王先生,昨天下午我们就---问题进行了讨论。我认为我们的主要分歧似乎是在---方面。应该说,尽管意见有分歧,但是我们还是有不少共同点的。例如,---。你所讲的关于---的问题也是很有道理的。就---而言,你的有些想法可以认为是有独到的见解。现在我又把我们所讨论的问题提出来,想听听你对以下几个方面的意见。, we discussed the problem ofyesterday afternoon, and it seems to me that our major differences lie in, but in spite of the differences, I must say, we still have a lot of common points, for example, and what you said about---also sound , as far as---is concerned, some of your ideas can be regarded I just bring up the subject we have discussed and would like to have your views on the following aspects.(4)表示欢迎不同意见,求同存异

  史密斯教授,今天上午在我发言后的讨论中,你对我的实验考虑表示了不同的意见。我认为这是十分自然的,我欢迎任何建议和批评意见,尽管你所讲的某些问题尚有进一步商榷的余地。实际上,我们取得的中间实验结果和最终结果非常相似。我想,这为我们进一步接触和讨论提供了良好基础。

  Professor Smith, in the discussion following my talk this morning, you expressed your different opinions on my experimental do believe that this is quite natural, and I certainly welcome any suggestions and criticisms, though some of what you said still leave room for further a matter of fact, we both have got very similar results not only on the intermediate process but also in the final stage of our shall say all that would serve as a sound basis for our

  further contact and discussion.

英文学术会议主持人发言稿 篇5

  Good morning,ladies and to Harbin,a beautiful northland ice city of ’m ABC,from school of economics and management of a very very great pleasure to participate in the 5TH International Finance Conference as the chairman,its my first time to do I really really enjoy being stay here with you this International Finance Conference has been held 4th times by CFA institute since purpose of the conference is to share our experiences and knowledge in regard to the theory, frontier developments and reaserches, as well as possible applications of them in solving practical problems A lot of current issues have been discussed,and some of them have been effectively soluted..Today,as the first time of the conference debut in this city,we’ll have a unique topic of prepared presentations is the application of quantitative methods in Finance ,Today’s speakers will share their thoughts on how to effectively run models in different issues and give a reasonable ,we’ll have a Q&A session,which allows the everyone to ask some questions you may be am sure that you will find some topics to be presented both interesting and ,Let me introduce the first speaker,who is very very rich,not in dollars,but in knowledges and experiences,He got his in financial economics at the UCB,followed by a series of teaching and research positions at MIT and dont hesitate to join me in welcoming our first speaker, , whose topic is entitled threshold effect between the scale of shadow banking and the stability of the banking you for the impressive far as we konw,shadow banking system played an important role in the last Financial crisis mainly derived from its high leverage and asymmetric information produced a supervision lack of information, regulators were unable to measure the actual risk of the financial is crucial for to take a further knowledge of approaches to gauge the risk exposure more entirely and more SYC has given an eye opener as well as a very meaningful you again,Prof alow me to introduce the next speaker, wusiqin,who is the corporate department manager of China construction bank in holds a Bachelor degree of Science in engineering of HIT,she also holds a master of business administration of Renmin university of topic today is Coordinated development trend of china’s Science-technology finance and economic growth welcome miss you for your speech,Miss are delighted to be able to share your new specific strategies and wu’s speech is about frontier science,which is profound and predictive,greatly widen our horizon,as least my , I would like to express to her the most sincere appreciation

  The next speaker, has hosted a daily TV program with respect to economic is and has appeared on CCTV,who is also the author of an upcoming book named .So to speak to you on iNNovation Capability of High tech Enterprises by Gray theory, please weclome Mr JXS with the warmest What an innovative idea,to quantify the Inonovation ability and classify into different to think about it and you’ ll find its very you for the excellent presentations and ,I ll be very pleased and excited to introduce the next speaker,Mrs Hujianjie,who is the vice president of CFA represent the sponsor host unit ,it’s the fifth time for her to be the final r breadth and depth of knowledge,profound discoveries and distinctive ideas always cause shock at the ,Mrs Hu will address you on Relationship between stock liquidity and asset liquidity of listed companies,I cant wait to her inspiring !!

  Thank you very much for the extremely enlightening ,we wanna investigate the correlation of asset liquidity and stock liquidity, thereby linking stock liquidity to corporate finance the relationship between asset liquidity and stock liquidity is her speech, Mrs hu introduce a useful model to explore the ambiguous relationship,which may shed new light on the importance of firm’s investment and financing and gentleman,our distinguished speakers hv finished their presentations,we now enter into the question and answer this session,, and I will be very happy to answer as many of your questions as we there any questions?

  Ok,Well,I m sorry to say that this session will have to stop you for your hope this was as good a session for you as it was for and Gentlemen, I shall end here by thanking you for coming to the The 5th International finance hope that you have benefited much from the conference and from discussions with would like to thank and the CFA institute for offering me the opportunity to be the to everybody who has contributed to the conference and all other you for your time and and gentlemen, you have my best wishes for your still greater achievements in your , I declare the conference s meet again in Beijing in 2018.

英文学术会议主持人发言稿 篇6

  篇一:英文学术会议主持人发言稿

  thank you for the impressive far as we konw,shadow banking system played an important role in the last financial crisis mainly derived from its high leverage and asymmetric information produced a supervision lack of information, regulators were unable to measure the actual risk of the financial is crucial for to take a further knowledge of approaches to gauge the risk exposure more entirely and more syc has given an eye opener as well as a very meaningful you again,prof you for your speech,miss are delighted to be able to share your new specific strategies and wu’s speech is about frontier science,which is profound and predictive,greatly widen our horizon,as least my , i would like to express to her the most sincere appreciation wow what an innovative idea,to quantify the inonovation ability and classify into different to think about it and you’ ll find its very you for the excellent presentations and you very much for the extremely enlightening ,we wanna investigate the correlation of asset liquidity and stock liquidity, thereby linking stock liquidity to corporate finance the relationship between asset liquidity and stock liquidity is her speech, mrs hu introduce a useful model to explore the ambiguous relationship,which may shed new light on the importance of firm’s investment and financing and gentleman,our distinguished speakers hv finished their presentations,we now enter into the question and answer this session,, and i will be very happy to answer as many of your questions as we there any questions? ok,well,i m sorry to say that this session will have to stop you for your hope this was as good a session for you as it was for and gentlemen, i would like to thank and the cfa institute for offering me the opportunity to be the to everybody who has contributed to the conference and all other you for your time and and gentlemen, you have my best wishes for your still greater achievements in your , i declare the conference s meet again in beijing in 2018.篇二:学术交流年会主持词 学术交流年会主持词

  1、开场:由主持人致开场词: 尊敬的嘉宾,同学们: 大家下午好!

  欢迎大家来到我们的交流会现场。在今天这样一个秋高气爽的日子里,相信我们的交流会会给你们带来愉快的心情。

  我们十分荣幸的邀请到学院的部分领导老师来到此次交流会的现场,为大家解答心中的疑惑,共谈大学的学风建设。首先由我为大家介绍今天来到交流会的各位领导嘉宾。

  2、介绍本分会场的主要与会老师: 参加此次会议的有:。。老师

  下面让我们再次以热烈的掌声,向各位领导、来宾表示最诚挚的欢迎!

  3、下面进行大会第一项:

  有请委员会主任、可再生能源学院院长徐进良教授为本次交流年会致辞: 致辞结束:谢谢徐进良院长的精彩致辞

  4、下面进行大会第二项:

  今天的交流会不属于我,而是属于在坐的每一位。下面就把时间交给大家,进入本次交流会的第二个议程:现场互动交流:

  下面有请第一位为我们进行汇报的同学。。: 汇报结束后:感谢。。同学精彩的汇报,下面有请与会的老师和同学提问,进行互动交流。提问结束后:再次感谢各位老师和同学的精彩发言,下面有请。。

  5、会议结束、评委总结

  此次交流会达到了预期目的,但这仅仅只是一个开头,下面有请。。院长为本次的学术交流年会进行简要的评审总结:

  总结结束后:感谢徐进良院长精彩的发言

  同学们:斗转星移,日月如梭,青春的时光就要度过,让蓝天白云为我们起舞,让青山绿水为我们作赋,让我们把握住今天,我们的明天会更加灿烂。

  再次感谢各位领导于百忙之中参加我们的交流会,同时也感谢各位同学的到来,华北电力大学第九届研究生学术交流年会可再生能源学院分会场到此结束,谢谢大家的光临!

  6、评委离场:

  下面请大家以热烈的掌声欢送各位领导老师离场!篇三:英文学术会议主持人发言稿 模拟国际会议主持词

  一、开题语

  the international geography conference has been held 110th times by the association of american geographers(aag)institute since purpose of the conferences have contributed to share our experiences and knowledge of the advancement of geography, frontier developments and reaserches, as well as possible applications of them in solving practical lot of current issues have been discussed, and some of them have been effectively soluted.二、介绍第一个演讲者

  now, let me introduce the first speaker, who is very very rich, not in dollars, but in knowledge and experiences, she got her in the natural geography

  三、对第一个演讲者做总结

   an innovative the impact of climate change and human activities on runoff changes is a problem that has puzzled researchers for a long study has developed a framework to separate the impacts of climate change and human activities to surface information from this study will assist with better use and management of water resources for residents and economicdevelopment in southern you for the excellent presentations and ideas.四、介绍第二个演讲者 now, i’ll be very pleased and excited to introduce the next speaker, prof.************, who is the ^^^^^^^^^^ represent the sponsor host unit ,it’s the fifth time for him to be the final breadth and depth of knowledge, profound discoveries and distinctive ideas always cause shock at the , mr he entitl is*****************

  五、对第二个演讲者做总结

  thank you for the impressive are delighted to be able to share your new specific strategies and ’s speech is about frontier science, which is profound and predictive, greatly widen our horizon, as least my syc has given an eye opener as well as a very meaningful you again, prof ^^^^^^^^^^

  六、进入提问环节

  ladies and gentleman, our distinguished speakers have finished their presentations, we now enter into the question and answer this session, i will be very happy to answer your there any questions?

  七、对提问做总结

  ok, well,i’m sorry to say that this session will have to stop you for your hope this was as good a session for you as it was for us.八、会议结束语

  ladies and gentlemen, i would like to thank aag institute for offering me the opportunity to be the to everybody who has contributed to the conference and all other you for your time and and gentlemen, you have my best wishes for your still greater achievements in your , i declare the conference ’s meet again in new york 2016.

学术会议主持人串词 篇7

  主持人串词

  13:30(开场白)

  尊敬的老师,敬爱的同学们,大家下午好。很荣幸今天由我担任这次学生公寓管理委员会(URHA)部长级大选的主持人。首先让我们先介绍今天到场的嘉宾,()还有我们2010级的主席团,主席高申凯,副主席朱星星和汤文佳,以及各部门的部长和副部们,在此我们先掌声感谢他们的到来,同时他们今天也将担任评委对所有的竞选者进行公开公正的评分。竞选者的最后所得分将是由自己所在部门部长的30%的平时分加上今天70%演讲分组成。

  时光荏苒,想起你们刚进部门时候那腼腆的脸庞,看着你们脸上洋溢着的自信的笑容,在这一年里,URHA见证了你们的成长。而URHA也感谢你们这一年来做出的贡献和努力。中秋游园会、干事大会、模拟策划大赛、公寓文化节、公寓吉尼斯、真人大富翁等等的这些大大小小的活动正是有了部长们的规划和干事们的配合才得以有条不紊的展开。而主席团担任着统筹、控制全局的职责,因为有他们,整个URHA一年的活动才可以这么圆满的落幕,现在有请我们的高申凯主席上台进行这一年的工作总结。大家掌声欢迎。

  13:40(邀请老师)

  感谢高主席的发言,从中我们可以感受到他在这三年的时间里对URHA深深的感情,以及他对下一届的主席团和部长们殷切的期望。但是大家不能只看到他担任主席光鲜亮丽的一面,我们更应该看到他背后付出的时间和努力。他陪伴了URHA三年,而我们的指导老师们从始至终都陪伴着URHA,看着它一点一点的完善,相信在这里的所有人中,他对URHA的感情应该是最深的,下面有情我们的URHA的指导老师陈国华老师上台致辞。13:55(邀请新任的主席团)

  感谢陈国华陈老师的发言,有句话是这么说的“站得高,看的远”,相信陈老师的这一番话应该让许多同学有了深深的启发。伴随着这个学期的即将结束,我们的主席团也注入了新鲜的血液,现在有情新任主席叶雪斐,新任副主席史琼瑶和蔡青青上台发言。大家掌声有情。14:00(主持人宣布竞选演讲开始)

  在这一番的辞旧迎新中,我们看到了老一届主席的不舍,也看到了新一届主席团们充满自信,跃跃欲试的激情。话不多说,现在让我们步入正题,在此我宣布,本次部长级竞选演讲正式开始。

学术会议讲话稿[] 篇8

  是各大专院校、科研院所等学术机关就人文、社会、自然等各类专业学科问题共同切磋。探讨、交流经验成果,共同磋商促进的一种会议形式,较其他会种来说,学术会议更具专业性与研究性。

  第一,讨论会或者辩论会所讨论或辩论的议题范围非常广泛,涉及了人类社会生活中的方方面面。而学术会议则不同,它仅就学术上某一专门的问题(还必须是存在争议的问题),并且只由工作涉及这一领域的专门的人员参与讨论(因为旁人没有专业知识),所以议题的面非常窄(相对于以上二者而言)。

  第二,学术会议的目的与召开讨论会和辩论会的目的差不多,也是要找出解决问题的办法,但它的愿望似乎更为强烈、更为迫切。

  第三,从形式上来看,参加学术会议的人员需要准备论文并提交之,然后大家再根据这些材料进行交流,发表意见,互相交换想法。相比较前二者而言,不像辩论会那样唇枪舌剑,又比讨论会更具专业性。也正因此,从而决定了参加学术会需要多准备些东西。比如,学术论文。