Secret of Photoshop 纹实战“树...整理6篇(100个photoshop实用技巧)
下面是范文网小编整理的Secret of Photoshop 纹实战“树...整理6篇(100个photoshop实用技巧),供大家品鉴。
木纹理研究 4――实战“树桩”
现在我们手头有两张纹理,一张是年轮纹理,另一张是树皮纹理,现在,我们要用这两张纹理来做一段树桩。
树桩其实是比较简单的物体,基本上它是一个圆柱体。在开始之前,我们首先得复习一下透视法和圆柱体的光影分布规律。图一就是一个简单的圆柱体模型。可以看到,按照透视法,原来为圆形的横截面现在是椭圆形的,而且上截面的边缘线弧度较小,底截面的边缘线弧度较大,这也是因为透视的关系。而圆柱体的表面在我们假设的由左端投入的光线照射下呈现出不同的反射特质,从而也在视觉上造成了曲面的感觉,分析这种反射规律,大致从左到右依次可将 圆柱体表面分为高光区、明暗交界线和反射区。
好了,现在我们就要开始做树桩了,首先我们需要建立一个像图一一样的圆柱体。
1.新建一个500x500pixel,72dpi的文件。新建一个层命名为“表面”,用矩形选择工具拉出一个大小大约为240x280的长方形 选区,将选区保存起来(SELECT->SAVE SELECTION)
2.再用圆形选择工具在长方形选区上方拉出一个大小为240X35的 椭圆形选区.务必使这个选区和上面那个长方形选区两端对齐, 必要的的话可以先拉一些辅助线帮忙。保存选区到新的通道。
图一
图二
3.再用圆形选择工具在长方形选区下方拉出一个大小为 240X75的椭圆形选区,同样和上面那个长方形选区 两端对齐,保存选区到新的通道,
4.在确认第三个选区激活的状态下,选择菜单SELECT ->LOAD SELECTION,选择保存第一个选区也就是 长方形选区的通道,同时在OPERATION项内选择 ADD TO SELECTION项,将两个选区合并。
5.按快捷键D将颜色板设到默认值,再按快捷键G选择 渐变工具,在OPTION面板里按“EDIT”键设置渐 变参数,具体请参照图二,总之前面所说的三个反射 区就是通过这里的设置来实现的。
6.按住SHIFT键,从选区最左端一直拉一个渐变到最右端,三个反射区就形成了。
7.新建一层命名为“截面”,选择菜单 SELECT->LOAD SELECTION,调用第二个选区,OPERATION=NEW SELECTION。
8.选择菜单EDIT->FILL,用50%GREY填充选区。我们的圆柱体就完成了,怎么样,还算逼真么?下面我们要把我们做的纹理贴到这个圆柱体上。
9.将树皮纹理拷贝到名为“树皮”的新层中,并将这个层放到“表面”层上面,按住CTRL键,在 LAYER面板中单击“表面”层调用这个层的选区,选择菜单SELECT->INVERSE反选选区。
10.确认“树皮”为当前层,按DEL键删除多余的纹理。11.将“树皮”层的模式变成HardLight模式。
12.将年轮纹理拷贝到名为“年轮”的新层中。
图三
13.由于我们做的年轮纹理本来就是一个正圆形,所以就很好办,按快捷键CTRL+T进入自由变形模式,利用Scale 和DISTORT项将纹理调整为和“截面”层形状一样的椭圆形,完成后可删除“截面”层。
14.合并所有可见层,我们的树桩就完成了,最后的结果见图三。
三、金属纹理研究各位朋友大家好,希望这篇教程能够带给大家新的体验,好了,从今天开始,我们要开始挑战真实的纹理创作了。自从开始对纹理的研究,我渐渐养成了一个很奇怪的习惯,我常常会一个人蹲在发锈的下水管,破旧的家具前发呆,脑子里浮现的念头只有一个.....怎么用photoshop来模拟呢? 哈哈,是不是太过于疯狂了?废话少说,我们今天来研究金属纹理。其实今天要说的方法也不是我发明的,相信很多设计同行也知道该怎么做,考虑到这份杂志已经突破了5万份的发行量,为了那些还刚刚入门的朋友,我们不妨从比较简单的开始学起。
1 打开photoshop,按快捷键d把色彩调整到缺省设置,新建一个 500x500pixel的文件,按快捷键g选择渐变工具。在option中将 模式设置为foreground to background,从图像右下角往左上 角随意做 一个渐变效果,注意起始点最好超过画面边界,免得 右下角过于暗了。2 选择filter->noise->add noise,amount=50,gaussian模式, 选中mono选项。得到的效果大致如图一。
图一
3 选择filter->blur->motion blur,angel=0,distance=50,
结果就大致 是我们想要的结果了。4 可以见到motion blur在图片两边造成了一些不理想的效果,用矩形选 择工具(快捷键m)在图片中央选中比较理想的区域,然后选择 image->crop, 得到的结果大致就像图二。好了,这就是一块银白色的金属纹理。讲解:渐变的方向决定最后效果的光源位置,大家完全可以按照自己的需要 来设定,noise和motionblur是两个比较重要的步骤,他们结合起来决定了最 后纹理的粗糙程度。还有,如果最后想要得到其他颜色的金属效果,可以在完成以后选择image->adjust->hue/saturation,选中colorize选项,然后调节得到自己想要的颜色,总之大家完全可以按照自己的需要创意出全新的超酷金属纹理。
图二
比如图三,这种金黄色的粗糙的看上去脏脏的纹理,就是用了比较大的noise和motion blur值,再加上一层模式为multiply的cloud得到的。ok,休息,休息。PS:在刊登前两篇教程后,我收到了几个朋友的来信,对我所说的纹理制作提出了自己的看法,特别是JACK朋友,更提供了自己的方法,限于篇幅和时间,我没有办法在这里刊登。我想说,PHOTOSHOP是至强至大的图形处理软件,恐怕没有人能够100%掌握它,我本人也只是在学习之中,对于一个效果,
图三
很可能有许多途径可以实现,也可能有比我更好的方法,我欢迎大家来信和我探讨,也可以到我的网站的论坛上发表看法,以便大家切磋武功。
商务英语实战:商务英语谈判案例对话
商务英语谈判案例对话
Dialogue 1
A: So, thank you for coming, everyone. It's really a pleasure to see you all here. First of all, may i suggest you take a look at the agenda i sent you? Would you like to make any comment on that?
B: Yes, i wonder if we can begin with shipment question first. We really need to come to an agreement on that before anything else.
A: That's true, but it's also a very difficult issue. That's the reason why i put it last. I thought it might be a good idea for us to start with the points we have in common. We'll move on to the shipment issue after that.
B: All right. That sounds reasonable.
A: Well, before we go any future, I would like to say strongly how i feel that it's in both our interest to reach an agreement today. The market is becoming even more competitive and our combined strength will give us some big advantages, not least in terms of the dealer network. Now, i think Richard would like to say a few words about that.
1. make comments on sth 对某事进行评论
Example: Would you make comments on our woman's garments in current design?您对我们流行女装款式有何评论
Oh look very nice! 哦,看起来很漂亮
2. have sth. in common: 有共同点
Example: The two firms have very little common in selling strategies. 这两家公司在销售策略上没有什么共同点。
3. in the interest of: 符合......的利益
Example: The stable and healthy business relations are in the interest of our sides. 稳定健康的贸易关系符合双方的利益。
Dialogue 2
A: Hello, Mr Wang, nice to see you again. How are you?
B: Fine, thank you ,and you?
A: Well, before we go any future, I would like to say strongly how i feel that it's in both our interest to reach an agreement today. The market is becoming even more
A: I'm fine, we just moved in our new house. Everything is in a great mess. It's a nightmare. But I’ll appreciate not having to spend so much time commuting to my work every day.
B: Yes, it took me nearly one hour to get here today. Bus service in this area is not so good.
A: Well, will you like a cup of coffee?
B: Thank you, that would be nice.
A: Milk or sugar?
B: Black will do, thank you.
A: So, how's business in your section?
B: Not too bad. We have a lot of work to do as far as our contract George is concerned this time.
A: Then i think you can say a few words about that first.
注释
1. in a mess: 乱成一团
Example: Since 9 O' clock , Mr. Gill has been sorting out the shipping documents which are in a mess in the files. 从九点以来,吉尔小姐一直在整理文件夹里乱成一团的海运单据.
2. commute: 乘通勤车上班
Example: I commute to work from Shenyang to Fushun on weekdays.周一到周五我从沈阳到抚顺乘通勤车上班.
Bus commuter 乘通勤汽车上班的人 train commuter 乘通勤火车上班的人
3. as far as sb./sth. be concerned: 就什么而言; 至于
Example: As far as i am concerned, i agree with Jack on this point.就我而言, 我同意杰克的观点.
As far as color is concerned, Tom prefers black. 就颜色而言, 汤姆更喜欢黑色.
Dialogue 3
A: Will you have a cup of coffee, Mr. Wang?
B: No. Don't bother, please.
A: Of course, i don't know Smith at all, but you've got to be on your guard against George. I told you about our negotiating with him in New York three years ago, didn't I?
B: I am sure you did. Can we focus on the final packing today, Mr. Brown? We mustn't get stuck in the price. They are going to knock us down. We have got some room to maneuver.
A: That's right, George is the head of Marketing Department.
B: What we must keep in mind is that we can make a concession if they push us on staff cut.
A: Oh we don't need to worry about that, Mr. Wang. We will just play it by ear.
注释
1. be on one's guard against sb./sth. 小心,防范
Example: We must be on our guard against pickpockets on a bus.在公交车上我们要小心扒手。
2. focus on sth. 集中精力于......之上
Example: We should focus our attention on the demands at the overseas market.我们应该集中注意一下海外市场的需求
3. knock sb. down 打倒,使屈服
Example: They are attempting to knock us down in terms of price.他们试图让我们在价格方面让步。
4. keep/bear sth. in mind 记住,牢记(英国都用remember)
Example: Please keep in mind that you'll arrive punctually for the meeting tomorrow.请记住明天开会要准时。
Bear in mind that you can always rely on me.要记住你永远可以依靠我。
商务英语实战:宴会说辞的基本句型
1、I've heard so much about you. 久仰!
1、I've heard so much about you. 久仰!
2、You've had a long day./ You've had a long flight. 辛苦了
2、You've had a long day./ You've had a long flight. 辛苦了!
3、Distinguished/Honorable/Respected friends 尊敬的朋友们!
4、On behalf of the Beijing Municipal government, I wish to extend our warm welcome to the friends who have come to visit Beijing. 我代表北京市政府欢迎各位朋友访问北京。
5、On behalf of the Beijing Municipal government, i wish to express our heartfelt thanks to you for your gracious assistance. 对您的大力协助,我谨代表北京市政府表示衷心的感谢。
6、How are you making out in Beijing? 在北京过得怎么样?
7、I'll surely remember you and your invitation to him. 我一定向他转达您的问候和邀请。
8、American businessmen are welcome to make investment in Beijing. 欢迎美商来北京投资。
9、Your valuable advice is most welcome. 欢迎多提宝贵意见。
10、It's a rewarding trip! 不虚此行!
11、As you have a tight schedule, I will not take up more of your time. 您的日程很紧,我们的会见是否就到此为止。
12、Please remember me to Mr.Wang. 请代我问候王先生。
13、Thank you so much for coming. 感谢光临!
14、Hope you'll come again. 欢迎再来!
15、Hope you'll visit Beijing more often. 欢迎以后多来北京!
16、I will see myself out, please. 请留步,不用送了!
17、At your service! 愿为您效劳!
18、Host a dinner/banquet/luncheon in honor of … 为…举行宴会/宴请
19、Serve a courst 上菜
20、Here is your seat. 您的位置在这里。请入席!
21、Enjoy this happy get-together 欢聚一堂
22、Please yourself at home./Please enjoy yourself. 请随便!
23、Help yourself please. 请各位随意用餐。
24、What would you like to drink? 您喝点什么?
25、At this point, I propose a toast: to the cooperation between … And … , to the health of Senator…, cheers! 现在我提议,为了…和…之间的合作,为了…参议员的健康,干杯!
商务英语实战教程:展现大将之风
你在众人面前慷慨激昂,才华毕现的确能让人刮目相看;如果你再能做到会议中展现大将之风,从容掌控局面,那么升迁晋级便指日可待
1 Mental and Physical Preparation. Gather your thoughts through deep breathing and stretching to calm your nervousness.Mental imagery is a tool for a speaker to minimize or eliminate any negative thoughts or fears about speaking.心理和生理上一起做好放松的准备。
2 Proper Attire. Do not wear anything that takes away from your presentation such as big jewelry, loud colors, or excessive makeup unless it is part of your presentation. 注意着装,这会是听众第一件留意的事情。
3 Stop comparing yourself with other people. There will always be some people who have more than you and some who have less. If you play the comparison game, you'll run into too many “opponents” you can't defeat. 专心做好自己,不要陷入和他人比较的怪圈。
4 Accept all compliments with “thank you.” When you reject a compliment, the message you give yourself is that you are not worthy of praise. 接受每声赞美并真诚道谢。
5 Use eye communication. Find friendly faces and connect with the audience. Try to focus on connecting with your audience and eye contact will become comfortable. 用眼神和听众进行良好的交流。
6 Be extremely aware of your facial expressions and gestures. Always remember to smile at the audience. Use positive or open gestures instead of negative or closed gestures. 始终保持微笑并运用合理的手势。
木纹理研究 3――实战“树桩”
上次我们做完了树桩的截面部分,今天我们接着来做树干部分,其实,只要做出树皮的纹理,然后赋予纹理以立体感。说起来很简单,难度如何,请大家和我边走边学。观察年代久远的树皮,颜色通常较深,除了有纵向的纹理外,往往还有龟裂的现象。
1.新建一个512x512pixel,72dpi的文件,Contents=White。将前景色设置为黑色, 后景色设置为RGB=75,0,14。
2.用后景色填充文件。
3.选择Filter->Texture->Grain,Grain Type=Vertical,Intensity=14,Contrast=31。
4.选择Filter->Distort->Twirl,Angle=50度。
5.选择Select->All,再选择Edit->Copy。
6.打开Channel窗口,新建一个名为Alpha 1的通道,选择Edit->Paste,将图像的灰度图 复制到通道中。
7.用快捷键Ctrl+L打开Level调节器,调节参数至:0:1.00:86,增加通道的对比度。
8.回到Layer窗口,选定Background层。选择Filter->Render->Lighting Effects,具体参数设置 见图一。纵向纹理 出现了。
图一
9.如果觉得得到的结果太暗,可以用Level调节器把图像稍微调 亮,
10.新建层,选择Filter->Render->Clouds,然后把新层模式变为 Color,这一步赋予了纹理更多的变化,并矫正了纹理的色调。 得到的结果见图二。
接着我们来做龟裂的纹理效果。
图二
11.打开Channel窗口,新建一个名为Alpha 2的通道,选择Filter->Texture->Stained Glass,参数为:Cell Size =12,Border Thickness=4,Light Intensity=0。
12.复制通道Alpha 2,并把复制得到的新通道命名为Alpha 3。
13.选定通道Alpha 3,选择Filter->Blur->Gaussian Blur,Radius=3.0。
14.按住Ctrl键在Channel通道内单击Alpha 2通道以调用该通道选区,再按快捷键Ctrl+Shift+I,反选选区,在Alpha 3通道内按del键清除选区内图像。
15.回到Layer窗口,选定Background层,选择Filter->Render->Lighting Effects,具体参数见图三。
图三
16.选择Layer->Flatten Image,合并图片。我们就得到了树皮 的纹理,最终结果见图四。 好了,到此为止,这个范例需要的所有纹理我们都已经有了,在下一次的课程里,我将把纹理变成立体的物体,完成我们这篇教程。
图四
一、纹理基础――无缝纹理制作
经常在各大论坛上看到有关无缝纹理制作的提问,因为无论在制作3d贴图,还是网页低纹,或者定义photoshop的patten,对纹理的无缝衔接都有很高的要求,当然,使用某些插件比如kpt 3.0和Auto FX P/G Patten等都可以实现制作无缝纹理,不过其实使用Photoshop本身的滤镜也可以很方便地实现无缝纹理制作。
I.无缝的基础――offset 滤镜利用offset 移动以及复制边界像素的强大功能,是无缝衔接的第一大秘诀。下面我们通过一个例子来说明offset 的强大功能。1. 新建一个256X256像素的文件。(快捷键CTRL+N)提示:256X256并不是一个随意的数字,由于Photoshop的的图像均有数字生成,所以采用2的n次方作为文件尺寸,有很多好处,比如使用cloud等滤镜无需另加处理直接就可以实现无缝衔接。 2. 现在赋予图案一个基本纹理,选择菜单filter->texture->textu- rizer。(texture: sandstone, scaling: 150%,relief: 6, light direction: top, 如图一)
图一
图二
3. 在工具栏内选择文字输入工具(快捷键T),在文件中央输入你所需要 的文字,我这里采用Arial Black字体,大小25磅,颜色为黑色,
并 将该文字层模式设到Color Burn(见图二),选择菜单Edit->Trans- form->Numeric,将该文字层旋转30度(见图三)。
图三
4. 选择菜单Layer->Duplicate Layer,复制该文字层,并 重复这一操作,得到文字层的2个复制品;将每个复制层经动,得到大致如图四的结果,并选择Layer-> Flatten Image合并所有层。
图四
5. 选择菜单Filter->Other->Offset,将图像横移及纵移各 128pixel,并选中Wrap Around,如图五。
图五
6. 得到的结果应该已经实现了边界的无缝衔接,但是当中 好像太空了,我们重复步骤3,在文件中间填入两个相同的文字。最后的结果应该和图六相同。
图六
7. 到这里,这个范例算是大功告成,为了测试无缝 效果,选择Layer->Flatten Image合并所有层, 全选该文件(快捷键CTRL+A),选择菜单Edit-> Define Patten,新建一个比较大的文件如1000 X1000 像素,选择菜单Edit->Fill,选择use patten(如图七),就可以看到结果。 下次,将给大家介绍有关无缝纹理制作的高级技巧。
图七
布料研究之三――裘皮
其实,今天想和大家讲的也许算不上是布料,但是的确可以用来做衣服,至少我是在某次被要求制作一件衣服的纹理时研究了它,就是裘皮,也就是动物的皮毛,
仔细研究一下裘皮纹理的特点,首先是特有的光泽感,然后是皮毛的顺向性,也就是所有的皮毛都是朝一个方向生长的,还有就是皮毛的层次感。接下来,就让我们来一步步地用photoshop来实现它。
首先,我想说我模拟的是一块很普通的金黄色皮毛,好了,让我们开始吧!
1.建立一个新文件,600x600pixel,72dpi。
2.按快捷键D将系统颜色设置为默认值,选择菜单Filter->Render->Clound,这一步最后决定了皮毛色泽的些许不规则性。
3.进入Channels窗口,新建通道Alpha 1。
4.选择菜单Filter->Noise->Add Noise,Amount=300,Gaussian,选中Mono项。
5.选择菜单Filter->Blur->Motion Blur,Angle=90,Distance=35,记住,这一步数值越大则皮毛长度越长。
6.按快捷键Ctrl+L进入Levels调节窗口,input levels=59:1.00:146,提高画面对比度。
7.选择Filter->Distort->Twirl,Angle=50,
8.选择菜单Filter->Distort->Wave,Number of Generators=5,Wavelength=760:999,Amplitude=13:62,Underfined Areas=Wrap Around,Type=Sine,
9.选择菜单Image->Canvas Size,将文件大小缩为500x500Pixel,去掉周边的不规整部分。
10.回到Layer窗口,复制Layer1,按快捷键Ctrl+Alt+4,调用Alpha 1选区,按Del键删除。
11.将新层模式转换为Different,合并可见层。
12.快捷键Ctrl+U,进入色彩/饱和度调整,选中Colorize项,Hue=41,Saturation=54。
13.选择Filter->Render->Lighting Effects,具体参数见图一。
图一
14.用矩形选择工具选中图像上端约4分之1部分,选择菜单Select->Feather,大小为20。
15.Ctrl+C复制选区,Ctrl+V将选区粘贴到新层。
16.选择菜单Layer->Effects->Drop Shadow,Angel=69,Distance=56,Blur=10。
17.选择菜单Filter->Distort->Twirl,数值为20。
18.用矩形选择工具选中图像上端约2分之1部分,重复15步到17步,第17步请用其他数值。
19.用矩形选择工具选中图像上端约4分之3部分,重复15步到17步,第17步请用其他数值。
最后的结果见图二。
我们的皮毛基本上完成了。
觉得怎么样?其实用同样的方法还可以模拟更多毛发系统,如人的头发等等,这就留待大家自己去摸索了。